Christianity is the largest religion in Europe, with over 60% of Europeans identifying as Christians. While the influence of Christianity is undeniable, it’s essential to explore the historical, cultural, and contemporary aspects of this faith in most Christian countries across the continent.
As a religious historian, I’ve had the privilege of delving deep into the historical and cultural significance of Christianity in Europe. In this article, we’ll explore the Christian landscape in Europe, providing insights into its impact on art, architecture, culture, and society.
Most Christian Countries in Europe
Christianity has a rich history in Europe, dating back to its early days. The faith’s spread and influence have left an indelible mark on these countries. Here’s a closer look at the most Christian countries in Europe and their historical journey:
1. Malta
Malta, a small Mediterranean island nation, stands as a testament to unwavering Christian devotion. With 95% of its population identifying as Catholic, Malta’s religious history is intertwined with its rich culture.
Malta’s rich history and culture make it a popular tourist destination, and its sunny climate and beautiful beaches make it a popular holiday spot for Europeans. The Maltese people are warm and welcoming, and their country is known for its hospitality.
If you’re looking for a place to relax and enjoy some Mediterranean sunshine, Malta is the perfect destination. And if you’re looking for a place where you can experience European culture and learn about Christianity, Malta is definitely worth a visit.
2. Poland
Poland is one of the most Christian countries in Europe, with 89% of the population identifying as Christian. The majority of Christians in Poland are Catholic, but there is a significant minority of Protestants. Christianity has been a significant part of Polish culture and history for centuries and continues to be an important part of Polish society today.
3. Romania
Romania is one of the most Christian countries in Europe, with 86% of the population identifying as Christian. The vast majority of Christians in Romania are Orthodox, making up 82% of the population. Roman Catholicism is the second largest Christian denomination, accounting for 4% of the population. Protestantism makes up the remaining 2%.
Christianity has been a significant part of Romanian culture and history for centuries. The first recorded instance of Christianity in Romania dates back to the early 4th century, when a bishop from Rome visited the country. Christianity began to spread more widely in Romania after the country was officially annexed by the Byzantine Empire in the 6th century. By the 9th century, Christianity was firmly established in Romania, and it has remained an important part of Romanian identity ever since.
4. Greece
Greece is one of the most Christian countries in Europe with 81% of the population identifying as such. The Greek Orthodox Church is the predominant Christian denomination in Greece, accounting for about 80% of the Christian population. Other Christian denominations present in Greece include Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, and Eastern Orthodoxy.
Christianity has been a significant part of Greek culture and history for over two thousand years. The first Christians in Greece were Jewish converts to Christianity who resided in Judea during the time of Jesus Christ. After the crucifixion of Christ and the spread of Christianity throughout the Roman Empire, more and more Greeks began to convert to the new religion. By the 4th century AD, Christianity had become the official religion of the Byzantine Empire (of which Greece was a part).
Throughout its long history, Christianity has played an important role in shaping Greek culture and society. For example, many of Greece’s most famous artworks, such as Byzantine icons and mosaics, are religious in nature. In addition, Christianity has also had a significant impact on Greek literature, music, and architecture.
5. Italy
Italy is one of the most Christian countries in Europe. More than 80% of Italians identify as Christians, and the country has a long history of Christianity. Italy is home to some of the oldest and most important Christian churches and sites, including the Vatican.
Christianity has played a significant role in Italian culture and society for centuries. Many of the country’s most famous art, architecture, and literature is rooted in Christianity. Even today, religion remains an important part of daily life for many Italians.
6. Lithuania
Lithuania is a country with a population that is 79% Christian. The Christian community in Lithuania is made up of both Roman Catholics and Protestants. Lithuania has been a Christian country since the 13th century, when the first Lithuanian Grand Duke was baptized. Christianity has always been an important part of Lithuanian culture and identity.
Today, the majority of Christians in Lithuania are Roman Catholics. The Catholic Church is very influential in Lithuanian society, and many public and private institutions are affiliated with the Church. The Catholic Church also plays a significant role in education and social welfare. Protestantism is a minority religion in Lithuania, but there are still many active Protestant churches and communities throughout the country.
Christians in Lithuania enjoy freedom of religion and worship. There are no restrictions on religious beliefs or practices, and all denominations are represented equally in society. Christians can openly express their faith without fear of discrimination or persecution.
7. Ireland
Ireland is one of the most Christian countries in Europe, with 78% of the population identifying as Christian. The majority of Christians in Ireland are Catholic, followed by Protestants and other Christians.
Christianity has a long history in Ireland, dating back to the early fifth century when St. Patrick brought the religion to the country. Since then, it has been an important part of Irish culture and society. Christians in Ireland have played a significant role in politics, education, and social welfare.
The Irish Constitution recognises Christianity as the country’s main religion, and freedom of religion is guaranteed. However, there is a growing number of people in Ireland who do not identify with any religion.
8. Latvia
The Baltic nation of Latvia is one of the most Christian countries in Europe, with 77% of the population identifying as Christian. The majority of Christians in Latvia are Lutheran, followed by Roman Catholics and Orthodox Christians. Although Latvia is a relatively small country, it has a rich Christian history dating back to the 13th century when Livonian knights brought Christianity to the region. Today, Latvians continue to practice their faith and many churches can be found throughout the country.
9. Denmark
Denmark is one of the most Christian countries in Europe, with 76% of the population identifying as Christians. The country has a long history of Christianity, dating back to the 9th century when Denmark was first converted to Christianity. Today, the majority of Christians in Denmark are members of the Lutheran Church, although there is a significant minority of Catholics and other denominations.
Christianity plays an important role in Danish culture and society, and the country is home to a number of beautiful churches and cathedrals. Christmas is a major holiday in Denmark, and Easter is also celebrated with much fanfare. If you’re ever in Denmark during these holidays, be sure to check out some of the traditional Danish celebrations!
10. Portugal
According to a recent study, Portugal is the most Christian country in Europe. 74% of the population identify as Christian, with Catholicism being the predominant faith. This is followed by Spain (71%), Italy (68%), Ireland (67%), and Greece (66%). These countries have a long history of Christianity, dating back to the early days of the faith.
11. Norway
Norway is one of the most Christian countries in Europe, with 72% of the population identifying as Christian. The majority of Christians in Norway are Lutheran, although there are also a significant number of Catholics and other denominations. Christianity has a long history in Norway, dating back to the early Middle Ages. Today, the Norwegian government provides financial support to the Church of Norway, which is the country’s largest religious denomination.
12. Sweden
Sweden is one of the most Christian countries in Europe. 62% of the population identifies as Christian, with the majority being Lutheran. Lutheranism is the largest Protestant denomination in Sweden. Other Christians in Sweden include Catholics, Orthodox Christians, and Baptists. Christians in Sweden have freedom of religion and worship. The state supports the Lutheran Church of Sweden through taxes, but all other religions are treated equally.
Interestingly, some of the most secular countries in Europe are also some of the most Christian Countries; Malta, Romania, and Lithuania all have high percentages of Christians despite being atheist majorities . This goes to show that Christianity is still a very important part of European culture and identity.
13. United Kingdom
The United Kingdom is a majority Christian country, with over 59% of the population identifying as Christians. This makes it the fourth most Christian country in Europe, behind Greece, Romania, and Poland. The UK has a long history of Christianity, dating back to the Roman era when the religion was first introduced. Since then, it has played an important role in the country’s culture and politics. The Church of England is the largest Christian denomination in the UK and is also the state church. Other notable Christian denominations in the UK include the Catholic Church, Methodist Church, and Baptist Union.
14. Finland
Finland is one of the most Christian countries in Europe with over 70% of the population identifying as Christian. The Finnish people have a deep respect for religion and religious traditions. The majority of Christians in Finland are members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland, with smaller numbers of Roman Catholics and Orthodox Christians.
Christianity has been an important part of Finnish culture and society for centuries. Many important historical figures, including the first president of Finland, were devout Christians. The Finnish people have always been very tolerant of different religions and there is a strong tradition of freedom of religion in the country.
Today, there are many different Christian churches and organizations operating in Finland. These include the Finnish Orthodox Church, the Catholic Church, the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland, and many others. There are also numerous Christian charities and social organizations that work to help those in need.
15. The Netherlands
The Netherlands is a small country located in northwestern Europe. It is bordered by Belgium to the south and Germany to the east, and has a population of just over 17 million people. The Netherlands is one of the most densely populated countries in the world, with more than half of its population living in urban areas.
Christianity is the largest religion in the Netherlands, with over 50% of the population identifying as Christian. The majority of Christians in the Netherlands are Protestant, with a significant minority of Catholics. Other religions practiced in the Netherlands include Islam, Judaism, and Buddhism.
The Dutch have a long history of tolerance and social liberalism, and this is reflected in their attitude towards religion. The government provides financial support to all religious groups, and there are no legal restrictions on religious freedom. This tolerant attitude has led to a high level of religious diversity in the Netherlands.
16. Belgium
Belgium is one of the most Christian countries in Europe with over 75% of the population identifying as Christian. The predominant religion in Belgium is Catholicism, however there is a significant Protestant minority. Christianity has been an important part of Belgian culture for centuries and remains an important part of the lives of many Belgians today.
Belgium is home to a number of beautiful churches and cathedrals, including the Cathedral of St. Bavo in Ghent and the Church of Our Lady in Bruges. Christians in Belgium are active in their faith, participating in regular worship services and attending Bible study groups. The country also has a strong tradition of Catholic education, with many schools and universities offering religious studies programs.
Christians in Belgium enjoy a high level of freedom to practice their faith, with both government and society generally tolerant of different denominations and beliefs. However, recent years have seen a rise in anti-Semitism and other forms of religious prejudice, which has caused some tension between different faith communities. Overall, though, Belgium remains a welcoming place for Christians from all backgrounds.
17. Switzerland
Switzerland is one of the most Christian countries in Europe. Over three-quarters of the Swiss population identify as Christian, with the majority being Roman Catholic. Protestantism is also prevalent in Switzerland, with almost one-fifth of the population identifying as Protestant. Switzerland is home to many famous churches and cathedrals, such as the Basilica of Our Lady of Martyrdom in Geneva and the Cathedral of St. Peter in Zurich. Christianity has been a significant part of Swiss history and culture for centuries, and it continues to play an important role in Swiss society today.
18. Austria
Austria is a landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of around 9 million people. The majority of Austrians (62%) identify as Christian, with the Roman Catholic Church being the largest denomination. Other sizable Christian groups in Austria include the Lutheran and Evangelical Churches.
Christianity has a long history in Austria, with the first churches being built in the early Middle Ages. Today, there are over 4,000 churches and chapels across the country. The most famous church in Austria is probably the Gothic cathedral of St. Stephen’s Cathedral in Vienna, which is one of the city’s most iconic landmarks.
While Austria is not as religious as some other European countries, Christianity still plays an important role in Austrian culture and society. Many Austrians celebrate traditional Christian holidays such as Christmas and Easter, and many couples choose to have their weddings in church.
19. Germany
Germany has the fifth largest Christian population in Europe with approximately 34 million Christians. Protestants make up the majority of Christians in Germany (28 million), followed by Catholics (5 million). Other Christian denominations include Orthodox Christians and Jehovah’s Witnesses.
Germany is home to some of the oldest and most prestigious universities in Europe, such as Heidelberg University (est. 1386) and Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (est. 1472). These institutions have produced many influential thinkers over the centuries, including theologians like Martin Luther and Dietrich Bonhoeffer.
Today, there are a number of active Catholic and Protestant churches throughout Germany, as well as numerous related organizations working to serve the needs of German Christians. The country also has a strong tradition of religious freedom, which means that people of all faiths are welcome to worship openly without fear of persecution.
As far as Christian countries in Europe go, it is hard to top Malta. This Mediterranean island country has the highest percentage of Catholics in its population – nearly 90%. Vatican City, an independent city-state within Italy, also has a very high Catholic population (nearly 100%).
Other predominantly Christian countries in Europe include:
- Albania (70%)
- Armenia (92%)
- Austria (73%)
- Belarus (80%)
- Bosnia and Herzegovina (84%)
- Bulgaria (78%), Croatia (90%)
- Cyprus (77%)
- Czech Republic (34%)
- Estonia (23%)
- Finland (70%)
- Georgia (83%)
- Greece (93%)
- Hungary (61%)
- Ireland (78%)
- Italy(87 %)
- Kazakhstan(55 %)
- Latvia(22 %)
- Liechtenstein(78 %)
- Lithuania(79 %)
- Luxembourg(88 %)
- Macedonia(64 %)
- Monaco(90 %)
- Montenegro(72 %)
- Netherlands(43 %)
- Norway(69 %)
- Poland(87 %)
- Portugal(81 %)
- Romania(86 %)
- Russia Federation(75 % )
- San Marino(96% )
- Serbia(84% )
- Slovenia (57%)
- Spain (74%)
- Sweden (63%)
- Switzerland (41%)
- Ukraine (66%)
- United Kingdom (59%).
Conclusion
In conclusion, there are many Christian countries in Europe, each with their own unique customs and traditions. While some may be more devout than others, all of these countries have a rich history steeped in Christianity. If you’re looking to explore new cultures and learn more about the Christian faith, then visiting one of these countries is a great place to start.
Exploring the Christian countries of Europe provides a deep understanding of the enduring influence of Christianity on this continent. Whether you seek to admire magnificent cathedrals, study the works of Christian-inspired artists, or simply understand the complex interplay of faith and culture, these countries offer a captivating journey.